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How do robots “see” the world? How to upgrade to a new version of Search Console No Sitemap files used by the robot


Promoting your website should include optimizing your pages to attract the attention of search engine spiders. Before you start creating a search engine friendly website, you need to know how bots view your site.

Search engines are not actually spiders, but small programs that are sent to analyze your site after they learn the URL of your page. Search engines can also reach your site through links to your website left on other Internet resources.

As soon as the robot reaches your website, it will immediately begin indexing pages by reading the contents of the BODY tag. It also fully reads all HTML tags and links to other sites.

Search engines then copy the site's content into a main database for indexing. This process in total can take up to three months.

Search Engine Optimization not such an easy matter. You must create a site that is spider friendly. Bots don't pay attention to flash web design, they just want information. If you looked at the website through the eyes of a search robot, it would look pretty stupid.

It’s even more interesting to look through the eyes of a spider at your competitors’ websites. Competitors not only in your field, but simply popular resources that may not need any search engine optimization. In general, it’s very interesting to see how different sites look through the eyes of robots.

Text only

Search robots see your site to a greater extent, as text browsers do. They love text and ignore information contained in pictures. Spiders can read about the picture if you remember to add an ALT tag with a description. Web designers who create complex websites with beautiful pictures and very little text are deeply disappointed.

In fact, search engines simply love any text. They can only read HTML code. If you have a lot of forms or javascript or anything else on your page that might block a search engine from reading the HTML code, the spider will simply ignore it.

What search robots want to see

When a search engine crawls your page, it looks for a number of important things. Having archived your site, the search robot will begin to rank it in accordance with its algorithm.

Search spiders protect and often change their algorithms so that spammers cannot adapt to them. It is very difficult to design a website that will rank high in all search engines, but you can get some advantage by including the following elements in all your web pages:

  • Keywords
  • META tags
  • Titles
  • Links
  • The selected text

Read like a search engine

After you have developed a website, all you have to do is develop it and promote it in search engines. But looking at a site only in a browser is not the best or successful technique. It is not very easy to evaluate your work impartially.

It is much better to look at your creation through the eyes of a search simulator. In this case, you will get much more information about the pages and how the spider sees them.

We have created a search engine simulator that is not bad, in our humble opinion. You will be able to see the web page as a search spider sees it. It will also show the number of keywords you entered, local and outbound links, and so on.

Upgrade guide for legacy users

We are developing a new version of Search Console, which will eventually replace the old service. In this guide, we will cover the main differences between the old and new versions.

General changes

In the new version of Search Console we have implemented the following improvements:

  • Search traffic data can be viewed for 16 months instead of the previous three.
  • Search Console now provides detailed information about specific pages. This information includes canonical URLs, indexing status, degree of mobile optimization, etc.
  • The new version includes tools that allow you to monitor the crawling of your web pages, fix related errors and submit requests for re-indexing.
  • The updated service offers both completely new tools and reports, as well as improved old ones. All of them are described below.
  • The service can be used on mobile devices.

Comparison of tools and reports

We're constantly working to improve various Search Console tools and reports, and you can already use many of them in the updated version of this service. Below, the new versions of reports and tools are compared with the old ones. The list will be updated.

Old version of the report Analogue in the new version of Search Console Comparison
Search query analysis The new report provides data for 16 months, and it has become more convenient to work with.
Helpful hints Rich Results Status Reports New reports provide detailed information to help troubleshoot errors and make it easy to request rescans.
Links to your site
Internal links 		Links We have merged two old reports into one new one and improved the accuracy of link counting.
Indexing status Indexing report The new report contains all the data from the old one, as well as detailed information about its status in the Google index.
Sitemap report Sitemap report The data in the report remains the same, but we have improved its design. The old report supports testing the Sitemap without submitting it, but the new one does not.
Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) AMP Page Status Report The new report adds new types of errors for which you can view information, and also allows you to send a rescan request.
Manual measures Manual measures The new version of the report provides a history of manual actions taken, including information about review requests submitted and review results.
Google crawler for websites URL Checker Tool In the URL Inspection Tool, you can view information about the version of the URL included in the index and the version available online, and submit a crawl request. Added information about canonical URLs, noindex and nocrawl blocks, and the presence of URLs in the Google index.
Ease of viewing on mobile devices Ease of viewing on mobile devices The data in the report remains the same, but working with it has become more convenient. We've also added the ability to request a page be rescanned after mobile viewing issues have been fixed.
Scan Error Report Indexing report And URL checking tool

Site-level crawl errors are shown in the new indexing report. To find errors at the individual page level, use the new URL inspection tool. New reports help you prioritize issues and group pages with similar issues to identify common causes.

The old report showed all errors for the last three months, including irrelevant, temporary and insignificant ones. A new report highlights issues important to Google that have been uncovered over the past month. You will only see issues that could cause the page to be removed from the index or prevent it from being indexed.

Issues are shown based on priority. For example, 404 errors are only marked as errors if you requested the page to be indexed through a sitemap or other method.

With these changes, you'll be able to focus more on the issues that affect your site's position in Google's index, rather than having to deal with a list of every error Googlebot has ever found on your site.

In the new indexing report, the following errors have been converted or are no longer shown:​

URL Errors - For Desktop Users

Old error type Analogue in the new version
server error In the indexing report, all server errors are indicated with the mark Server error (5xx).
False error 404
  • Error: The submitted URL returns a false 404 error.
  • Eliminated: false 404 error.
Access is denied

The indexing report indicates one of the following categories, depending on whether you requested processing for this type of error:

  • Error: The submitted URL returns a 401 (unauthorized request) error.
  • Excepted: The page was not indexed due to a 401 error (unauthorized request).
Not found

The indexing report indicates in one of the following ways, depending on whether you requested processing for this type of error:

  • Error: The submitted URL was not found (404).
  • Excluded: not found (404).
Other The indexing report is indicated as Scan Error.

URL Errors - For Smartphone Users

Currently, errors occurring on smartphones are not shown, but we hope to include them in the report in the future.

Site errors

In the new version of Search Console, site errors are not shown.
Security Issue Report New security issue report The new Security Issues Report retains much of the functionality of the old report and adds a history of site issues.
Structured Data Rich Results Checker Tool And rich results status reports To process individual URLs, use the Rich Results Inspector or URL Inspection Tool. You can find site-wide information in the rich results status reports for your site. Not all rich results data types are available yet, but the number of reports is growing.
HTML optimization – There is no similar report in the new version. To create informative page titles and descriptions, follow our guidelines.
Blocked resources URL Checker Tool There is no way to view blocked resources across the entire site, but using the URL Inspection tool you can see blocked resources for each individual page.
Android Applications – Starting March 2019, Search Console will no longer support Android apps.
Resource Kits – Starting March 2019, Search Console will no longer support resource sets.

Do not provide the same information twice. Data and queries contained in one version of Search Console are automatically duplicated in the other. For example, if you submitted a review request or sitemap in the old Search Console, you do not need to submit it again in the new one.

New ways to perform common tasks

The new version of Search Console performs some legacy operations differently. The main changes are listed below.

Features not currently supported

The following features are not yet implemented in the new version of Search Console. To use them, return to the previous interface.

  • Scanning statistics (the number of pages scanned per day, their loading time, the number of kilobytes downloaded per day).
  • Checking the robots.txt file.
  • Managing URL parameters in Google Search.
  • Marker tool.
  • Reading and managing messages.
  • "Change Address" tool.
  • Specifying the primary domain.
  • Linking a Search Console property to a Google Analytics property.
  • Disavowing links.
  • Removing obsolete data from the index.

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We've released a new book, Social Media Content Marketing: How to Get Inside Your Followers' Heads and Make Them Fall in Love with Your Brand.

Robot crawlers are a kind of stand-alone browser programs. They go to the site, scan the contents of the pages, make a text copy and send it to the search database. Its indexing in a search engine depends on what crawlers see on your site. There are also more specialized spider programs.

  • “Mirrorers” - recognize duplicate resources.
  • “Woodpeckers” determine the accessibility of the site.
  • " " - robots for reading frequently updated resources. As well as programs for scanning pictures, icons, determining the frequency of visits and other characteristics.

What does the robot see on the site?

  1. Resource text.
  2. Internal and external links.
  3. HTML code of the page.
  4. Server response.
  5. The robots. txt is the main document for working with the spider. In it you can set some parameters to attract the robot’s attention, while others, on the contrary, cannot be viewed. Also, when you visit the site again, the crawler uses exactly this file.

In what form does the robot see the site page?

There are several ways to look at a resource through the eyes of a program. If you are a website owner, then Google came up with Search Console for you.

  • Add a resource to the service. Read how this can be done.
  • After that, select the “View as” tool Googlebot ».
  • Click “Receive and display”. After scanning, the result will be like this.

This method displays the most complete and accurate picture of how the robot sees the site. If you are not the owner of the resource, then there are other options for you.

The simplest is through a saved copy in a search engine.


Let's assume that the resource has not yet been indexed and you cannot find it in a search engine. In this case, to find out how the robot sees the site, you need to perform the following algorithm.

  • Install Mozila Firefox.
  • Add a plugin to this browser.
  • A bar will appear below the URL field in which we:
    in “Cookies” select “Disable Cookies”;
    in “Disable” click on “Disable JavaScript” and “Disable ALL JavaScript”.
  • Be sure to reload the page.
  • All in the same tool:
    in “CSS” click on “Disable styles” and “Disable all styles”;
    and in “Images” check the “Display ALT attributes” and “Disable ALL images” checkboxes. Ready!

Why do you need to check how the robot sees the site?

When a search engine sees one information on your site, and the user sees another, it means that the resource appears in the wrong search results. Accordingly, the user will hastily leave it without finding the information he is interested in. If a large number of visitors do this, then your site will drop to the very bottom of the search results.

You need to check at least 15-20 pages of the site and try to cover all types of pages.

It happens that some cunning people deliberately pull off such scams. Well, for example, instead of a website about soft toys, they are promoting some casino “Kukan”. Over time, the search engine will (in any case) detect this and send such a resource under filters.

Website building from A to Z
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Copy this code into a new text file and save it on your computer. Name the saved file index.html . Then open this file in any browser and look at the result.

Please note that by default any web server tries to serve the browser a page called index.html. Therefore, in 99% of cases, the source code of the site’s main page is saved in a file under this name and this is considered good form.

You can download the full version of this simple HTML site as an archive (10.8Mb). After unpacking the archive, run html/index.html.

Key stages of website creation

Creating a website yourself from scratch consists of three main stages:

  • Creating a website layout. It is at this stage that a clear visual representation of what the created Internet resource will look like appears. Most often, Adobe Photoshop or other raster editors are used.
  • Website layout. At this stage, they begin to layout the site from a .psd layout, mobile adaptation and testing for correct display in various browsers.
  • Implementation of PHP. At this stage, the site turns from static to dynamic.

Let's look at all these stages in more detail.

Creating a website layout

Most often the layout ( in this case, this word should be understood as visual design) of the site is created in programs that are commonly called graphic editors. The most popular are Adobe Photoshop and CorelDRAW. We recommend using Photoshop, as it is a little easier to learn and at the same time has a wealth of capabilities. In addition, this is what all web designers use.

Create a new document in Adobe Photoshop. Give it a name - MySite.

Select a resolution of 1000 by 1000 pixels. It guarantees correct display for any user; the vertical size can be increased in the future.

Select a resolution of 72 pixels per inch and RGB color. We make sure to make these settings, since they are responsible for the correct display of the web page.

Then set the background color of F7F7C5 in hexadecimal format or select it using the color picker.

After that, select the menu item “ View » – “Guides” and activate the display of rulers and guides.

In the menu item " View » - «Snap to » You need to make sure that snapping to guides and document borders is enabled.

Using the " Text", enter the text name of the future site, the slogan under it, as well as the contact phone number at the top right of the layout.

To the left of the logo and to the right of the contact phone number, we draw guides that will allow us to designate frames along the width of the site.

Then using the " Forms » create a rectangle with rounded edges (radius – 8 points) and use it to designate the place for the image, which will be located in the site header.

Now it's time to insert an image into the site header.

Using the " Text ", and the Georgia font, which is included in the standard set of the Windows operating system, we create a navigation menu and the title of the main page of the site.

Then, using the " Text " and font " Arial", add the text of the main page. In this case, it is best to use block text for subsequent work with it.

For the title in the text we use black font. For the navigation menu – white.

By moving the right border of the main text block, we insert an image into the page text ( to the right of the text).

Using the " Forms » - « Direct », draw the final line under the text of the page.

Using the " Text " (Arial font) place the copyright in the footer of the page (under the line ).

We cut the image fragments necessary for website layout using the “ Cutting » (we highlighted the main image in the header and the image in the text of the page).

As a result of the work done, we created a full-fledged website layout. In case you want to make your own changes to the page layout, the PSD file can also be found in the archive.

In order to save and use the results of the work done in the form of images for subsequent website layout, go to the menu “ File » and select the item « Save for Web» . Then we adjust the quality of the output images and save them.

As a result of this, we will get many graphic fragments for our future template. In the folder where the template itself was saved, a folder with images will appear ( images). Select the ones you need and rename them.

The page layout has been created, the necessary fragments have been received, and you can proceed to layout.

Website layout

First of all, you need to create a new text file and save it as index.html.

The first line of this file should look like this:

It tells the browser exactly how to process the page content. The following is a set of tags:

"Head" of the document"Body" of the document

Pair of tags … indicates that it contains HTML code.

Inside … tags are located that are not displayed in the user's browser window. As a rule, they begin with the word meta, and are called meta tags, but the tag … appears as the title of the browser window and is analyzed by search engines.

It's also important to understand that there are multiple ways to organize content. The most popular of them is organization using blocks (

…
) and in the form of tables ( …
).

As for the display format of elements, it can be set either directly, using appropriate tags, or using CSS style sheets. In this case, it is the second method that is most preferable, since it allows you to reapply component styles. The style sheet is set either inside the tag , or in a separate file ( most often this file is named style.css), a link to which is also located inside .

In our case, the structure of the site elements looks like this:

The fundamental documents that describe all the components of a particular language used to create websites are specifications.

You can study in more detail all the basic HTML tags, their purpose, and the use of style sheets (CSS) using the books presented in the “Markup Languages” section; in addition, useful tips on organizing content, layout, and CSS are provided in.

Creating a website using PHP

In the HTML page created in the previous example, everything is predefined and will not change when accessed by users. Such pages are usually called static; the tools provided by the hypertext language HTML are quite sufficient to create them.

If the information provided to site users changes depending on any factors or requests, the web page is said to contain dynamic content ( is dynamic).

To create such pages you need to use languages web programming. Among them, the most widely used are PHP, Python and Ruby on Rails for Unix systems, while Windows is characterized by the development of dynamic content using .NET tools.

This all concerns the server side, and for programming on the client side, JavaScript is most often used.

In the prepared by us archive There is a php folder in which the index.php file is saved. It is this that allows us to implement three pages of our test site using PHP.

PHP is a popular web programming language designed for creating dynamic web pages. The main difference between a dynamic web page and a static one is that it is generated on the server, and the finished result is transferred to the user’s browser.

In this article, we will not delve into the jungle of PHP programming and, for clarity, we will limit ourselves to simple inserts of code fragments.

The essence of these actions is that we place the header and footer of the site in separate files: header.php and footer.php, respectively. And then on pages with text content we insert them into the site layout using PHP. You can do this using the code below:

...

Try running the php/index.php file in your browser. Did not work out? Of course not. After all, the browser does not know what to do with the commands that make up the PHP file (aka PHP script).

In order for any PHP script to execute successfully, it must be processed by the language interpreter. Such an interpreter is necessarily present on all web servers and allows you to process PHP code. But how can we see what has changed as a result of our work?

To debug web applications and implement a full-fledged web server on computers running the Windows operating system, a free package was created Denwer (for your convenience, it is present in the prepared by us archive). It includes the Apache web server, interpreters for web programming languages ​​such as PHP and Perl, a MySQL database, and e-mail tools.

Installing the Denwer application package does not require any serious effort. We run the installation file and fulfill all its requirements. Select a virtual drive letter for quick access to the web server and create shortcuts. That's all! Denwer is ready to go!

The web server we just installed is launched by clicking on the Start Denwer shortcut ( your name may be different). After starting the web server, copy it to the folder home/test1.ru/www/, located on the virtual disk that appears in the system (usually Z), contents of the php folder from archive, which we are working with, except for the index.html file.

After this, type test1.ru in the address bar of your browser. Is this a familiar picture? Now follow the links located at the top of the page. Works? Great!

Create a website from scratch or using a website builder?

The key difference between creating from scratch (whether using CMS systems or source code) from a website builder is that creating a site from scratch implies the ability to not only create a site that meets your exact needs, but also manage all the features that you yourself and laid it down.

In turn, creating an Internet resource using one or another website builder will not require you to have special technical skills. Any of the above designers allows you to create a full-fledged website in just a few hours. However, you need to be extremely careful when choosing a designer. The choice is yours!

In the table below, we have tried to summarize the key advantages and disadvantages of a website from scratch VS website builder:

Comparative characteristics Websites created using the constructor Websites created independently from scratch
Easy to create Just Difficult
Creation speed Very fast For a long time
Ability to edit source code No Eat
Possibility of promotion in search engines Possible nuances Absolute freedom
Flexibility in customizing design and functionality Limited Not limited
Possibility to transfer to another hosting More often than not Eat

What is the most preferable method of creating a website?

In fact, there is no clear answer to this question. It all depends on your goals and objectives. Maybe you want to explore the most popular CMS systems? Or maybe learn how to independently generate the source code of the website you are creating? Nothing is impossible!

But if you want to create a modern and really high-quality website in an extremely short time, we recommend using website designers!

Useful programs for beginner webmasters

We will list several useful programs that will greatly facilitate and speed up the process of creating a website yourself:

Notepad++- a text editor that allows you to create and edit the source code of the website being created. An excellent replacement for the Notepad program included in the Windows operating system.

Adobe Dreamweaver- a powerful and multifunctional program for creating websites. Among other things, it includes the ability to preview the resource being created.

NetBeans– an application development environment that allows you to effectively work with markup and Web programming languages ​​such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript and PHP.

Publishing the created website on the Internet

Let's say you have already created your first website, but what do you need to do so that any user of the World Wide Web can access it?

What is a “domain” and why is it needed?

A domain is the name of a website. In addition, the term “domain” often refers to the address of your website on the Internet.

An excellent example of a domain would be the name of the site you are currently on - internet-technologies.ru.

As you can see from the above example, the domain name of the site consists of two parts:

  • directly the name of the site - in our case it is internet-technologies;
  • selected domain zone. In our case, the domain zone “ .ru" The domain zone is indicated in the website address after its name.

It is also worth noting that there are different levels of domains. It’s very easy to understand this - just look at the number of parts of the site address separated by a dot. For example:

  • internet-technologies.ru – second level domain;
  • forum.internet-technologies.ru– third-level domain (aka subdomain).

Domain zones may be different. Most often, the choice of domain zone depends on the country or purpose of each specific site.

The most commonly used domain zones are:

  • .ru is the most popular domain zone within the Russian-language segment of the World Wide Web;
  • .biz - often the domain zone is used for business-related websites;
  • .com - this domain zone is most often used for commercial and corporate websites;
  • .info - informational sites are quite often located in this domain zone;
  • .net is another popular domain zone suitable for Internet-related projects;
  • .рф - official domain zone of the Russian Federation

If most of the target audience is in Russia, we recommend registering a domain in the “.ru” zone.

How to choose a domain

When choosing a domain for your own website, we recommend following the following principles:

  • originality and ease of memorization;
  • maximum length – 12 characters;
  • ease of typing in Latin;
  • absence of a dash sign in the domain name (preferably, but not required).
  • The domain’s history is clean and there are no sanctions on it from search engines. This can be checked using the “whois history” service.

Where can I buy a domain?

We recommend using the services of a reliable and time-tested domain name registrar - WebNames . That's what we use.

Among other things, the website of this registrar allows you to select a name (domain) for your website directly online. This is quite easy to do.

To do this, simply enter the desired domain name in the appropriate field and click the “Search domain” button.

What is "hosting"

In order for the website you created to become available to all users of the World Wide Web, in addition to the domain, your Internet resource will also need hosting.
The term “hosting” refers to the service of placing your website on the Internet. A large number of companies, commonly called “hosters,” provide such services.

You must clearly understand that all sites that are available on the World Wide Web are located somewhere. More specifically, they (their files) are located on the hard drives of servers ( powerful computers), at the disposal of hosting companies.

Since almost any website consists of different types of files ( databases, texts, pictures, videos), access to them from different computers is carried out by processing a request addressed to the site, which is located on the server of the hosting company.

Hosting costs can vary greatly depending on how large and trafficked the site you create. The good news is that most websites don't require really expensive hosting.

How to choose hosting

When choosing hosting for the website you are creating, we recommend being guided by the following criteria:

  • Stable work. The hosting you choose should work stably 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Otherwise, you will suffer reputational losses in the eyes of visitors, and also lose trust from search engines. In this regard, it is worth paying special attention to such a parameter as hosting uptime. Uptime is the time during which the site operates normally and visitors can open it in their browser without any problems. It should be as close to 100% as possible. Site response time, on the other hand, demonstrates how quickly your site responds to a request from a user's browser. The faster the response time, the better.
  • Simplicity and convenience of the user interface. When entering your personal account, the entire control panel should not only be accessible, but also intuitive. In particular, you should see your current balance, as well as have quick access to all the main hosting functions.
  • Professional Russian-speaking support service. Fast, qualified technical support speaking your native language is very important in the event of various malfunctions in the operation of the site and the need to quickly resolve them.
  • Cost of services . This aspect is important both for novice webmasters who have a limited budget at their disposal, and for owners of large-scale Internet projects that require the use of really expensive hosting.

For our part, we can recommend you such reliable and time-tested hosting providers as Beget (for beginners and advanced webmasters), and FastVPS (for those who need high-performance hosting).

Placing the finished website on the server

Let's say you've already created a website, bought a domain and hosting. What to do next?

Now you need to place all the files of our site on the server of your chosen hosting provider. There are several ways to do this. Let's talk about them.

  1. This is downloading the content of your website via the HTTP protocol using the hosting control panel.
  2. Via FTP using a so-called FTP client.

It is the second method that is the fastest. For this task, we recommend one of the best free FTP clients - FileZilla.

After establishing a connection with the FTP server of your chosen hosting provider ( Usually, after paying for hosting, the provider transfers the IP address, login and login password) the available disk space is displayed as a logical device ( just like regular computer hard drives) on one of the two panels of the program you are using. After this, all that remains is to start the copying process and wait for it to finish.

Answers to common questions

Where should a future webmaster (website creator) start learning?

  • HTML basics;
  • CSS Basics;
  • PHP basics.

As for further training and development, it will be useful to master a program such as Abobe Muse to create one-page sites. If you want to create multifunctional websites to order, be sure to take the time to master the CMS WordPress, because it is now the most popular and widespread.

How to find and select specialists to create a website

Do you need a website, but don't want to create it yourself? Then you will need to find really good and competent specialists. Let's figure out how to do this.

There are several criteria that you should rely on when choosing specialists to create a website. Let's highlight the main ones:

  • Availability of a portfolio of successfully completed projects. If the artist or team of artists you choose does not have a portfolio, this raises questions.
  • The ability to explain complex things in simple language. If from the very beginning of communication you are “loaded” with complex terms and are not given any clear explanations for them, it is better to find another performer.
  • It is advisable for the performer to have his own website. Remember the expression "with shoemaker without boots"? Often this analogy is correct, but there are exceptions.
  • Positive reviews from real clients. It’s great if you can communicate with clients by asking the contractor for their contact information.

As practice shows, you can always find specialists ready to create a website for you on freelance exchanges. Here are just a few of them:

  • fl.ru;
  • weblancer.net;
  • freelance.ru;
  • work-zilla.com.

Where can I get professional training in website creation?

Currently this is taught in specialized courses. It is important to understand that the process of professional website creation always involves several diverse specialists:

  • designer;
  • layout designer;
  • programmer;
  • manager.

In this regard, it is necessary to understand that specialized courses allow you to master a specific profession and cover a certain area of ​​​​work related to creating a website. If you are looking for just such courses, pay attention to the following online learning platforms:

  • geekbrains.ru;
  • netology.ru.

Is it possible to learn the basics of website building for free?

Is it possible to create your own website yourself?

Of course you can! For this purpose, it is best to use website builders, as they are great for beginners and at the same time provide truly extensive capabilities.

Is it possible to create a full-fledged website absolutely free?

No you can not. Even if you develop everything yourself (from scratch or on a CMS), you will still need to buy hosting and a domain. It doesn't cost a lot of money, but it still costs money.

If you take website builders, you can use them to create and test a website for free, but you cannot attach your own domain name to the created resource for free.

The option with free subdomains, which is often used by website builders, or free hosting should not be considered as full-fledged.

Therefore, investments, albeit minimal, will be required. But don’t be upset – it usually costs the same as a couple of cups of coffee a month.

Is it possible to make money by creating websites?

Of course you can! If you become a qualified specialist and create websites for other people, you will definitely be able to make money from it.

As for the potential level of income received, it will depend on several factors. Among them it is worth highlighting the following:

  • your accumulated work experience;
  • solvency of your clients;
  • ability to negotiate with potential clients and sell them your services;
  • the niche in which you will work;
  • type of site being created.

Yes, yes, different types of sites (their creation) cost differently. If we talk about average prices on the market, at the moment they are as follows:

  • creation of a business card website – from $100;
  • creation of a corporate website – from $500;
  • creation of an online store – from $1000;
  • creation of a news website – from $700;
  • creation of an informational SEO website – from $300;
  • creation of an Internet portal – from $3000;
  • creation of a one-page website – from $400;
  • blog creation – from $50;
  • creation of a forum – from $300.

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  • 18.01.2016 12:00
  • 1169 Reads

The world has gone crazy with news about robotics, with almost every day there are reports about the beginning of the robot revolution. But how justified is all this advertising hype, excitement, and sometimes fears? Is the robot revolution really starting?

In response, we can note that in some areas of our lives we are likely to see new additions to robots in the near future. But in reality, we shouldn't expect dozens of robots to take to the streets or roam our offices in the very near future.

And one of the main reasons for this is that robots do not have the ability to truly see the world. But before we talk about how robots in the future will be able to see the world, we first need to understand what vision actually involves.

How do we see?

Most people have two eyes and we use them to collect light that reflects off objects around us. Our eyes convert this light into electrical signals, which are transmitted along the optic nerves and immediately processed by our brain.

Our brain somehow determines what is around us based on all these electrical impulses and our own experiences. All this creates an idea of ​​​​the world and allows us to navigate, helps us pick up things, allows us to recognize each other's faces and do a million other things that we take for granted. All activities, from collecting light in our eyes to understanding the world around us, are what provide us with the ability to see.

Researchers estimate that up to 50% of our brain volume is used to service vision. Almost all animals have eyes and can partially see. At the same time, most animals and insects have a much simpler brain than humans. But it works well.

Thus, some forms of vision can be achieved without the massive, computer-level power of the mammalian brain. The ability to see is clearly dictated by its essential usefulness in the process of evolution.

Robot vision

So it's no surprise that many robotics researchers are predicting that if a robot can see, we'll likely actually see a boom in robotics development. And robots may finally become real human assistants, which is what many people so want.

How do we teach robots to see? The first part of the answer to this question is very simple. We use a video camera, just like the one in your smartphone, to capture a constant stream of images. Robot video camera technology itself is a serious subject of research. But for now let's just imagine a standard video camera. We feed these images into the computer and then there are different options.

Since the 1970s, developers have been improving computer vision systems for robots and studying the characteristic features of images. These can be lines or points of interest such as corners or certain textures. Programmers create algorithms to find these signatures and track them frame by frame in the video stream.

This significantly reduces the amount of data from millions of pixels in an image to several hundreds or thousands of characteristic fragments.

In the recent past, when computing power was more limited, this was very important. Next, engineers think about what the robot is likely to see and what it should do. They are creating software that will simply recognize patterns to help the robot understand what is around it.

Environment

The software can only create a basic picture of the environment in which the robot operates, or it can attempt to match the detected features with a library of primitives from the built-in software.

Essentially, robots are programmed by humans to see things that humans think the robot needs to see. There are many successful examples of the implementation of such computer vision systems, but practically today there are no robots that are able to navigate their environment only through machine vision.

Such systems are not yet reliable enough to reliably prevent the robot from falling and colliding while moving. Self-driving cars, which have been the talk of the town lately, use lasers or radar in addition to a machine vision system.

In the last five to ten years, research and development of a new generation of machine vision systems has begun. These studies made it possible to create systems that are not programmed, as before, but that study what they see. Vision systems for robots have been developed by analogy with how scientists imagine the principles of vision in animals. That is, they use the concept of neural layers, like in animal brains. Developers create the structure of the system, but do not lay down the algorithm on the basis of which this system operates. In other words, they leave it up to the robot to improve it.

This method is known as machine learning. Such technologies are now beginning to be implemented due to the fact that serious computing power has become available at a reasonable cost. Investments in these technologies are occurring at an accelerated pace.

Collective mind

The importance of robot learning also lies in the fact that they can easily share their knowledge. Each robot will not have to learn everything from scratch, like a newborn animal. The new robot can act by taking into account the actions and relying on the experience of other robots.

Equally important, robots that share experiences can also learn together. For example, each of a thousand robots can observe different cats and share this data with each other via the Internet. This way they can learn to classify all the cats together. This is an example of distributed learning.

The fact that robots in the future will be able to learn collaboratively and in a distributed manner has profound implications and, while frightening to some, captures the imagination of others.

Real robot revolution

Today there are many applications for robots that can see. It is not difficult to find areas in our lives where such robots can help.

The first uses of robots that can see are likely to be in industries that are experiencing labor shortages, such as agriculture, or are inherently unattractive to humans and could be dangerous. For example, search work after natural disasters, evacuating people from dangerous areas, or working in confined and hard-to-reach spaces.

Sometimes people find it difficult to maintain attention over a long period of observation, which can also be achieved with the help of a robot that can see. Our future robotic companions at home will be much more useful if they can see us.

And in the operating room, apparently, we will soon see robots that will assist surgeons. The robot's perfect vision, super precise clamps and arms will allow surgeons to focus on the main task - choosing a solution.



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